The music industry is full of confusing jargon that can either protect your career — or mess you over if you don’t understand it.

Here’s a breakdown of essential music business terms every independent artist should know, explained simply.

1. Masters

What it is: The original recording of your song.

Why it matters: Whoever owns the master controls how it’s used (e.g., in ads, films, re-releases).

Tip: If you’re independent, aim to own your masters — or know what % you’re giving away.

2. Publishing

What it is: The rights to your lyrics and melodies.

Why it matters: Even if you don’t own your master, owning publishing means you get paid when your music is used publicly.

Tip: If you write your own songs, register with a Performing Rights Organisation (e.g., PRS in the UK).

3. Royalties

There are different types:

• Mechanical Royalties – Paid when your song is sold or streamed.
• Performance Royalties – Paid when your song is played in public (radio, clubs, etc.).
• Sync Royalties – Paid when your song is used in film/TV.

4. Distribution

What it is: The service that gets your music on platforms like Spotify and Apple Music.

Examples: DistroKid, Tunecore, Ditto.

Tip: Read the small print. Some keep a % of royalties or charge yearly fees.

5. Metadata

What it is: The data embedded in your song (artist name, song title, ISRC code, etc.).

Why it matters: Missing or incorrect metadata means you might not get paid.

6. Advance

What it is: A loan from a label or publisher, paid Why it matters: It’s not free money. You have to pay it back — usually through your royalties.

7. Split Sheet

What it is: A document that shows who owns what % of a song.

Why it matters: Without this, you can lose publishing money or face legal issues down the line.

8. A&R

What it is: Artist & Repertoire. The person who scouts talent and develops artists.

Tip: They’re not just talent spotters — they want to see you’re serious, brand-ready, and consistent.

9. 360 Deal

What it is: A deal where a label takes a % from multiple income streams (music, merch, shows, etc.).

Why it matters: You give away more, so the label has more incentive to push you — but read carefully.

10. PROs (Performing Rights Organisations)

Examples: PRS (UK), ASCAP/BMI (US).

Why it matters: They collect royalties on your behalf when your music is performed publicly.

Bottom Line: You don’t need a law degree — just a good grip on the basics.

Start learning now so you don’t get finessed later.